180页_翻译机器版

易人

将Mohamad Khabazi的那本书的翻译机器版上传于此。
错误极多。雷人处稿。有兴趣的来挑错。

刚看了一下。感觉要想在翻译软件上翻译。要将txt的段落修改。完整句子不要换行。否则就差的更远。

更改的GH_chapter_00.txt
ALGORITHMIC MODELLING With GRASSHOPPER
Introduction
Have you ever played with LEGO Mindstorms NXT robotic set?
Associative modelling is something like  that!  
While  it  seems  that  everything  tends  to  be  Algorithmic  and  Parametric  why  not architecture?
During  my  Emergent  Technologies  and  Design  (EmTech)  master  course  in  the  Architectural Association (AA),
I decided to share my experience in realm of Algorithmic design and Associative Modelling  with  Grasshopper  as  I  found  it  a  powerful  platform  for  design  in  this  way.  
I  did  this because  it  seems  that  the  written,  combined  resources  in  this  field  are  limited  
(although  on‐line resources are quiet exciting).
This is my first draft and I hope to improve it and I also hope that it would be helpful for you.
Mohamad Khabazi
© 2009 Mohamad Khabazi
This book produced and published digitally for public use.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without permission from the author,
except in the context of reviews.
m.khabazi@gmail.com www.khabazi.com/flux

Contents
Chapter_1_Algorithmic Modelling ............................ 1
Chapter_2_The very Beginning ............................... 5
2_1_Method ................................................. 6
2_2_The very basics of Grasshopper    ...................... 7
2_2_1_Interface, workplace   ............................... 7
2_2_2_Components ........................................... 8
2_2_3_Data matching ....................................... 14
2_2_4_Component’s Help (Context pop‐up menu)  ........... 16
2_2_5_Type‐In component searching / adding     ........... 17
2_2_6_Geometry Preview Method                   ........... 17
2_3_Other Resources     ................................... 18
Chapter_3_Data sets and Math .............................. 19
3_1_Numerical Data sets ................................... 20
3_2_On Points and Point Grids ............................. 22
3_3_Other Numerical Sets .................................. 23
3_4_Functions ............................................. 25
3_5_Boolean Data types .................................... 28
3_6_Cull Patterns  ........................................ 30
3_7_2D Geometrical Patterns................................ 35
Chapter_4_Transformation   ................................ 46
4_1_Vectors and planes..................................... 48
4_2_On curves and linear geometries      .................. 49
4_3_Combined Experiment: Swiss Re     ..................... 57
4_4_On Attractors  ........................................ 68
Chapter_ 5_Parametric Space ............................... 80
5_1_One Dimensional (1D) Parametric Space    .............. 81
5_2_Two Dimensional (2D) Parametric Space    .............. 83
5_3_Transition between spaces    .......................... 84
5_4_Basic Parametric Components  .......................... 85
5_4_1_Curve Evaluation  ................................... 85
5_4_2_Surface Evaluation   ................................ 86
5_5_On Object Proliferation in Parametric Space ........... 88
Chapter_6_ Deformation and Morphing       ................. 96
6_1_Deformation and Morphing     .......................... 97
6_2_On Panelization  ...................................... 99
6_3_Micro Level Manipulations    ......................... 102
6_4_On Responsive Modulation ............................. 106
Chapter 7_NURBS Surface and Meshes ....................... 112
7_1_Parametric NURBS Surfaces     ........................ 113
7_2_Mesh vs. NURBS ....................................... 124
7_2_1_Geometry and Topology  ............................. 124
7_3_On Particle Systems .................................. 126
7_4_On Colour Analysis ................................... 135
7_5_Manipulating Mesh objects as a way of Design ..........139
Chapter_8_Fabrication .................................... 141
8_1_Datasheets ........................................... 143
8_2_Laser Cutting and Cutting based Fabrication .......... 155
Chapter_9_Design Strategy  ............................... 170
Bibliography ............................................. 174

[ 本帖最后由 易人 于 2009-4-8 13:08 编辑 ]

原帖由 wudi1212 于 2009-4-8 13:17 发表
用机器翻的没有用的 专业术语能被翻的雷死人···

Component就很难确认。计算器也不准确。

GH_chapter_01.txt

Chapter_1_Algorithmic Modelling
Chapter_1_Algorithmic Modelling

If we look at architecture as an object represented in the space, we always deal with geometry and abit  of  math  to  understand  and  design  this  object.  
In  the  History  of  architecture,  different architectural styles have presented multiple types of geometry and logic of articulation and each period have  found  a  way  to  deal  with  its  geometrical  problems  and  questions.
Since  computers started to help architects, simulate the space and geometrical articulations,
it became an integral tool  in  the  design  process.  
Computational  Geometry  became  an  interesting  subject  to  study  and combination  of  programming  algorithms  with  geometry yielded  algorithmic  geometries  known  as Generative Algorithm.
Although 3D softwares helped to simulate almost any space visualized,
it is the  Generative  Algorithm  notion  that  brings  the  current  possibilities  of  design,
like  ‘parametric design’ in the realm of architecture.
Architects started to use free form curves and surfaces to design and investigate spaces beyond the limitations  of  the  conventional  geometries  of  the  “Euclidian  space”.  
It  was  the  combination  of Architecture and  Digital  that brought  ‘Blobs’  on  the table  and  then  push  it  further.
Although  the progress of the computation is extremely fast,
architecture has been tried to keep track with this digital fast pace progress.
Contemporary architecture after the age of “Blob” seems to be even more complex.
Architectural design  is  being  affected  by  the  potentials  of  algorithmic  computational  geometries  with  multiple hierarchies and high level of complexity.
Designing and modelling free‐form surfaces and curves as building elements which are associated with different components
and have multiple patterns is notan  easy  job  to  do  with  traditional  methods.
This  is  the  time  of  algorithms  and  scripts  which  areforward  pushing  the  limits.  
It  is  obvious  that  even  to  think  about  a  complex  geometry,
we  need appropriate  tools,  especially  softwares,  which  are  capable  of  simulating  these  geometries  and controlling  their  properties.
As  the  result  architects  feel  interested  to  use  Swarms  or  Cellular Automata or Genetic Algorithms to
generate algorithmic designs and go beyond the current pallet of available  forms  and  spaces.
The  horizon  is  a  full  catalogue  of  complexity  and  multiplicity  that combines creativity and ambition together.

Fig.1.1.  Parametric  Modelling  for  Evolutionary  Computation  and  Genetic  Algorithm,
Mohamad khabazi, Emergence Seminar, AA, conducted by Michael Weinstock, fall 2008.

A step even forward, now embedding the properties of material systems in design algorithms seemsto be more possible in this parametric notion.
Looking forward material effects and their responsesto the hosting environment in the design phase,
now the inherent potentials of the components and systems should  be  applied  to  the  parametric models  of  the  design.
So  not  only  these  generative algorithms does not dealing only with form generation,
but also there is a great potential to embed the logic of material systems in them.
“The underlying logic of the parametric design can be instrumentalised here as an alternative design method,
one in which the geometric rigour of parametric modelling can be deployed first to integrate manufacturing
constraints, assembly logics and material characteristics in the definition of simple components,
and then to proliferate the components into larger systems and assemblies.
This approach employs the exploration of parametric variables to understand the behaviour of such a system and then uses this understanding to strategise the system’s response to environmental conditions and external forces” (Hensel, Menges, 2008).
To work with the complex objects, usually a design process starts from a very simple first level and then  other  layers  being  added  to  it;  
complex  forms  are  comprised  of  different  hierarchies,  each associated with its logics and details.
These levels are also interconnected and their members affect each other and in that sense this method called ‘Associative’.
Generally speaking, Associative modelling relates to a method in which elements of design being built gradually in multiple hierarchies and at each level,
some parameters of these elements being extracted to be the generator for other elements in the next level and this goes on,
step by step to produce the whole geometry.
So basically the end point of one curve could be the center point of another  circle  and  any  change  in  the  curve  would  change  the  circle  accordingly.  Basically  this method of design deals with the huge amount of data and calculations and runs through the flow of algorithms.
Instead   of   drawing   objects,   Generative   Algorithmic   modelling   usually   starts   with   numbers,
mathematics and calculations  as the base data to generate objects.
Even starting with objects, it extracts parametric data of that object to move on.
Any object of design has infinite positions inside,

and these positions could be used as the base data for the next step and provide more possibilitiesto grow the design.
The process called ‘Algorithmic’ because of this possibility that each object in the algorithm  generated  by  previously  prepared  data  as  input  and  has  output  for  other  steps  of  the algorithm as well.
The point is that all these geometries are easily adjustable after the process.
The designer always has access to the elements of the design product from the start point up to details.
Actually, since the design product is the result of an algorithm,
the inputs of the algorithm could be changed and the result would also be updated accordingly.
In conventional methods we used to modify models and designs  on  paper  and  model  the  final  product  digitally,  
to  avoid  changes  which  was  so  time‐ consuming.
Any change in the design affected the other geometries and it was dreadful to fix the problems occurred to the other elements connected
with the changed element and all those items should be re‐adjusted, re‐scaled, and re‐orientated if not happened to re‐draw.
It is now possible to digitally sketch the model and generate hundreds of variations of the project by adjusting some very basic geometrical parameters.
It is now possible to embed the properties of material systems,
Fabrication constraints and assembly logics in parameters.
It is now even possible to respond to the environment and be associative in larger sense.
“… Parametric design enables the recognition of patterns of geometric behaviour and related performative capacities and tendencies of the system.
In continued feedback with the external environment,
these behavioural tendencies can then   inform   the   ontogenetic   development   of   one   specific   system   through   the   parametric differentiation of its sub‐locations” (Hensel, Menges, 2008).


Fig.1.2. A. form‐finding in membranes and minimal surfaces, physical model,
B. membrane’s movement modelled with Grasshopper, Mohamad Khabazi, EmTech Core‐Studio,
AA, Conducted by Michael Hensel and Achim Menges, fall 2008.

Grasshopper  is  a  platform  in  Rhino  to  deal  with  this  Generative  Algorithms  and  Associative modelling.  
The  following  chapters  are  designed  in  order  to  combine  geometrical  subjects  with algorithms and to address some design issues in architecture in an ‘Algorithmic’method.

【原文】Chapter_1_Algorithmic Modelling
【译文】Chapter_1_Algorithmic 做模型
【原文】If we look at architecture as an object represented in the space, we always deal with geometry and abit  of  math  to  understand  and  design  this  object.
【译文】如果我们审查建筑学如一个在空间中被表现的物体,我们总是处理几何学和数学的 abit 了解而且设计这一个物体。
【原文】In  the  History  of  architecture,  different architectural styles have presented multiple types of geometry and logic of articulation and each period have  found  a  way  to  deal  with  its  geometrical  problems  and  questions.
【译文】在建筑学的历史中，不同的建筑风格已经呈现多样类型的几何学和关节的逻辑而且每个时期已经发现一个方法处理它的几何学的问题和问题。
【原文】Since  computers started to help architects, simulate the space and geometrical articulations,
【译文】因为计算机开始帮助建筑师,模拟空间和几何学的关节,
【原文】it became an integral tool  in  the  design  process.
【译文】它变成设计程序的一个整体的工具。
【原文】Computational  Geometry  became  an  interesting  subject  to  study  and combination  of  programming  algorithms  with  geometry yielded  algorithmic  geometries  known  as Generative Algorithm.
【译文】计算的几何学变成对研究的一个有趣的主题，而且用几何学规画运算法则的组合产生了即是生殖的运算法则的算法几何学。
【原文】Although 3D softwares helped to simulate almost any space visualized,
【译文】虽然 3D立体软件帮助几乎模拟被看得见的任何空间,
【原文】it is the  Generative  Algorithm  notion  that  brings  the  current  possibilities  of  design,
【译文】它是带来设计的现在可能性的生殖运算法则观念,
【原文】like  ‘parametric design’ in the realm of architecture.
【译文】喜欢‘参数的设计'在建筑学的王国中。
【原文】Architects started to use free form curves and surfaces to design and investigate spaces beyond the limitations  of  the  conventional  geometries  of  the  “Euclidian  space”.
【译文】造物主开始使用自由的形式曲线和表面设计而且调查空间超过 " Euclidian 空间 " 的传统几何学的限制。
【原文】It  was  the  combination  of Architecture and  Digital  that brought  ‘Blobs’  on  the table  and  then  push  it  further.
【译文】资讯科技是建筑学和导致‘一滴桌子然后更进一步推动它的数传组合。
【原文】Although  the progress of the computation is extremely fast,
【译文】虽然计算的进步极端快速,
【原文】architecture has been tried to keep track with this digital fast pace progress.
【译文】建筑学已经被尝试用数传快速的速度进步保存轨道。
【原文】Contemporary architecture after the age of “Blob” seems to be even more complex.
【译文】在 " 一滴 " 的年龄后的同时代的建筑学似乎甚至更多复杂的。
【原文】Architectural design  is  being  affected  by  the  potentials  of  algorithmic  computational  geometries  with  multiple hierarchies and high level of complexity.
【译文】建筑的设计被和多样的阶级组织和高度复杂的算法计算的几何学的潜能影响。

【原文】Designing and modelling free‐form surfaces and curves as building elements which are associated with different components
【译文】当做建筑与不同的成份有关的元素设计和做模型自由的‐形式表面和曲线
【原文】and have multiple patterns is notan  easy  job  to  do  with  traditional  methods.
【译文】而且有多样的式样是 notan 容易的工作以传统的方法做。
【原文】This  is  the  time  of  algorithms  and  scripts  which  areforward  pushing  the  limits.
【译文】 这是运算法则的时候和手写体推动极限的 areforward。
【原文】It  is  obvious  that  even  to  think  about  a  complex  geometry,
【译文】资讯科技是明显的甚至想复杂的几何学,
【原文】we  need appropriate  tools,  especially  softwares,  which  are  capable  of  simulating  these  geometries  and controlling  their  properties.
【译文】我们需要适当的工具, 尤其软件, 能够模拟这些几何学而且控制他们的财产。
【原文】As  the  result  architects  feel  interested  to  use  Swarms  or  Cellular Automata or Genetic Algorithms to
【译文】如结果建筑师觉得感兴趣使用群或细胞的自动机械装置或遗传基因的运算法则到
【原文】generate algorithmic designs and go beyond the current pallet of available  forms  and  spaces.
【译文】产生算法设计而且超越可得表格和空间的现在草铺。
【原文】The  horizon  is  a  full  catalogue  of  complexity  and  multiplicity  that combines creativity and ambition together.
【译文】地平线是复杂和多数的充足目录以一起联合创造力和野心。
Fig.1.1.
【原文】 Parametric  Modelling  for  Evolutionary  Computation  and  Genetic  Algorithm,
【译文】为进化的计算和遗传基因的运算法则的参数做模型,
【原文】 Mohamad khabazi, Emergence Seminar, AA, conducted by Michael Weinstock, fall 2008.
【译文】被麦可 Weinstock 引导的 Mohamad khabazi ，出现研究会， AA, 落下 2008.
【原文】A step even forward, now embedding the properties of material systems in design algorithms seemsto be more possible in this parametric notion.
【译文】一个步骤甚至转寄,埋入设计运算法则 seemsto 的物质系统的财产现在是更可能的在这个参数的观念中。
【原文】Looking forward material effects and their responsesto the hosting environment in the design phase,
【译文】看向前的材料产生和他们的 responsesto 主机租贷环境在设计状态内,
【原文】now the inherent potentials of the components and systems should  be  applied  to  the  parametric models  of  the  design.
【译文】现在成份和系统的固有潜能应该被适用于设计的参数模型。
【原文】So  not  only  these  generative algorithms does not dealing only with form generation,
【译文】如此的不只有这些生殖的运算法则不和形式世代的行为只有,
【原文】but also there is a great potential to embed the logic of material systems in them.
【译文】但是也有很棒的潜能在他们里面使插入物质系统的逻辑。
【原文】“The underlying logic of the parametric design can be instrumentalised here as an alternative design method,
【译文】"参数的设计在下面逻辑可能是 instrumentalised 如其它可能的设计方法的这里,
【原文】one in which the geometric rigour of parametric modelling can be deployed first to integrate manufacturing
【译文】参数的做模型的几何学严格能被展开第一整合制造业的一个
【原文】constraints, assembly logics and material characteristics in the definition of simple components,
【译文】简单成份的定义限制，集会逻辑和物质的特性,
【原文】and then to proliferate the components into larger systems and assemblies.
【译文】然后增殖成份进较大的系统和集会之内。
【原文】This approach employs the exploration of parametric variables to understand the behaviour of such a system and then uses this understanding to strategise the system’s response to environmental conditions and external forces” (Hensel, Menges, 2008).
【译文】这方式雇用参数变数的探险了解一个如此系统的行为然后使用这了解对环境的情况和外部的军队订定战略系统的回应".(Hensel ， Menges,2008)

【原文】To work with the complex objects, usually a design process starts from a very simple first level and then  other  layers  being  added  to  it;
【译文】为了与复杂的物体合作，通常一个设计程序从一个非常简单的第一个水平和然后开始被增加到它的其他层;

【原文】complex  forms  are  comprised  of  different  hierarchies,  each associated with its logics and details.
【译文】合成物表格不同阶级组织被包含,与它的逻辑和细节有关的每个

【原文】These levels are also interconnected and their members affect each other and in that sense this method called ‘Associative’.
【译文】这些水平也被互相连接，而且他们的成员影响彼此和在这一个方法认为‘结合的那一个感觉中'.

【原文】Generally speaking, Associative modelling relates to a method in which elements of design being built gradually in multiple hierarchies and at each level,
【译文】一般而言，结合的做模型与一个方法有关在被在多样的阶级组织中和在每个水平逐渐地建造的设计元素,

【原文】some parameters of these elements being extracted to be the generator for other elements in the next level and this goes on,
【译文】正在被吸取当下一个的其他元素的产生器的这些元素的一些叁数消除，而且这继续,

【原文】step by step to produce the whole geometry.
【译文】藉着的步骤行走生产整个的几何学。

【原文】So basically the end point of one curve could be the center point of another  circle  and  any  change  in  the  curve  would  change  the  circle  accordingly.
【译文】如此的基本上一个曲线的结束点可能是曲线会适当地改变圆周的另外一个圆周和中央点方面的任何改变的。

【原文】 Basically  this method of design deals with the huge amount of data and calculations and runs through the flow of algorithms.
【译文】 基本上设计的这一个方法处理极大量的数据和计算而且跑过运算法则的流程。

【原文】Instead   of   drawing   objects,   Generative   Algorithmic   modelling   usually   starts   with   numbers,
【译文】代替画物体，生殖的算法做模型通常从数字开始,

【原文】mathematics and calculations  as the base data to generate objects.
【译文】如恶劣的数据数学和计算产生物体。

【原文】Even starting with objects, it extracts parametric data of that object to move on.
【译文】甚至和物体的出发,它吸取那一个物体的参数数据继续。

【原文】Any object of design has infinite positions inside,
【译文】任何设计的物体有无穷的位置内部,

【原文】and these positions could be used as the base data for the next step and provide more possibilitiesto grow the design.
【译文】而且这些位置可能被当作恶劣的数据使用，因为下一个行走而且提供较多的 possibilitiesto 种植设计。

【原文】he process called ‘Algorithmic’ because of this possibility that each object in the algorithm  generated  by  previously  prepared  data  as  input  and  has  output  for  other  steps  of  the algorithm as well.
【译文】程序认为‘算法'因为这一种可能性每个在先前之前被产生的运算法则中反对准备了如输入的数据而且为其他运算法则的步骤也有输出。

【原文】The point is that all these geometries are easily adjustable after the process.
【译文】重点是所有的这些几何学在程序之后容易可调整。

【原文】The designer always has access to the elements of the design product from the start point up to details.
【译文】设计者总是直到细节有机会接近来自开始的设计产品的元素点。

【原文】Actually, since the design product is the result of an algorithm,
【译文】实际上，因为设计产品是运算法则的结果,

【原文】the inputs of the algorithm could be changed and the result would also be updated accordingly.
【译文】运算法则的输入可能被改变，而且结果也会被适当地更新。

【原文】In conventional methods we used to modify models and designs  on  paper  and  model  the  final  product  digitally,  
【译文】在传统的方法中我们过去一直在纸上修正模型和设计而且数传做模型最后的产品,

【原文】to  avoid  changes  which  was  so  time‐ consuming.
【译文】避免变化是如此时间‐强烈的。

【原文】Any change in the design affected the other geometries and it was dreadful to fix the problems occurred to the other elements connected
【译文】在设计方面的任何改变影响了其他几何学，而且固定对被连接的其他元素被发生的问题是可怕的

【原文】with the changed element and all those items should be re‐adjusted, re‐scaled, and re‐orientated if not happened to re‐draw.
【译文】藉由被改变的元素和所有的那些项目应该是关于被调整的‐, 关于被依比例决定, 而且关于‐确定的方向‐如果不发生到关于‐平局。

【原文】It is now possible to digitally sketch the model and generate hundreds of variations of the project by adjusting some very basic geometrical parameters.
【译文】资讯科技现在可能的数传藉由调整一些非常基本的几何学的叁数描绘略图模型而且产生数以百计计画的变化。

【原文】It is now possible to embed the properties of material systems,
【译文】资讯科技现在可能的使插入物质系统的财产,

【原文】Fabrication constraints and assembly logics in parameters.
【译文】叁数的制造限制和集会逻辑。

【原文】It is now even possible to respond to the environment and be associative in larger sense.
【译文】资讯科技现在甚至可能回应环境并且是结合的在较大的感觉中。

【原文】“… Parametric design enables the recognition of patterns of geometric behaviour and related performative capacities and tendencies of the system.
【译文】" …参数的设计使几何学行为和相关的述行能力和系统的趋向式样的承认能够。

【原文】In continued feedback with the external environment,
【译文】在和外部的环境继续的回应中,

【原文】these behavioural tendencies can then   inform   the   ontogenetic   development   of   one   specific   system   through   the   parametric differentiation of its sub‐locations” (Hensel, Menges, 2008).
【译文】这些行为的然后趋向能告知 ontogenetic 发展穿过它的附属‐位置的参数区别一个特定的系统".(Hensel ， Menges,2008)

Fig.1.2。
A.
【原文】 form‐finding in membranes and minimal surfaces, physical model,
【译文】形式‐薄膜和最小的表面发现, 身体检查模型,

B.
【原文】membrane’s movement modelled with Grasshopper, Mohamad Khabazi, EmTech Core‐Studio,
【译文】薄膜的运动和蚱蜢， Mohamad Khabazi ， EmTech 核心‐工作场所做模型,

【原文】AA, Conducted by Michael Hensel and Achim Menges, fall 2008.
【译文】

【原文】Grasshopper  is  a  platform  in  Rhino  to  deal  with  this  Generative  Algorithms  and  Associative modelling.
【译文】蚱蜢是处理生殖的运算法则和结合的做模型的犀牛一个平台。

【原文】The  following  chapters  are  designed  in  order  to  combine  geometrical  subjects  with algorithms and to address some design issues in architecture in an ‘Algorithmic’ method.
【译文】下列的章为了要结合几何学的主题和运算法则并且向在‘的建筑学的一些设计议题发表演说 , 被设计算法'方法。

将这些素材贴出来就是让有兴趣的TXM来参加。
我也想等别人弄好的成果。
八点前会更新的。是人工调整版。
一个人太忙。那几个很热心的tx哪里去了。
我还在上班呢。

原帖由 游泳的狼 于 2009-4-8 17:33 发表
我是说，如果大家真的要合力翻译的话，LZ就出一个时间表和分工表。不然没法做啊。

今天一下午把原文看完了。。。

我其实不是楼主，首发的是ana.....还忘了。
反正我们没版主做的有条理。但采用分布式人肉翻译。一样能完成。
好和精先别论。先完成个批判版。
同意就把自己的草稿贴出来。
大家来讨论。

GH_chapter_h00b.txt

【原文】ALGORITHMIC MODELLING With GRASSHOPPER
【译文】GRASSHOPPER 算法化建模
【原文】Introduction
【译文】介绍
【原文】Have you ever played with LEGO Mindstorms NXT robotic set?
【译文】你玩过 LEGO Mindstorms NXT 机器人组件吗 ?
【原文】Associative modelling is something like  that!
【译文】相关的建模方式与它有点类似!
【原文】While  it  seems  that  everything  tends  to  be  Algorithmic  and  Parametric  why  not architecture?
【译文】似乎每件事情趋向于算法化和参数化，建筑为什么例外 ?
【原文】During  my  Emergent  Technologies  and  Design  (EmTech)  master  course  in  the  Architectural Association (AA),
【译文】在伦敦Architectural Association (AA)上设计技术 (EmTech) 课期间 ,
【原文】I decided to share my experience in realm of Algorithmic design and Associative Modelling  with  Grasshopper  as  I  found  it  a  powerful  platform  for  design  in  this  way.
【译文】当发现这种方法是强劲的设计平台时，我决定分享在使用Grasshopper算法化设计和关联化建模领域中的经验。
【原文】I  did  this because  it  seems  that  the  written,  combined  resources  in  this  field  are  limited  
【译文】我做这些是因为该领域的文章资源很有限。
【原文】(although  on‐line resources are quiet exciting).
【译文】( 虽然在线资源是相当精彩的)。
【原文】This is my first draft and I hope to improve it and I also hope that it would be helpful for you.
【译文】这是我的第一草稿，我希望进一步修订它。希望对你能有所帮助。

Mohamad Khabazi
【原文】This book produced and published digitally for public use.
【译文】本书以数码形式公开发行。
【原文】No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without permission from the author,
【译文】没有作家者的许可,本书的内容不能以任何形式复制。
【原文】except in the context of reviews.
【译文】不包括reviews的内容。
【原文】m.khabazi@gmail.com www.khabazi.com/flux
【译文】
【原文】Contents
【译文】内容
【原文】Chapter_1_Algorithmic Modelling
【译文】Chapter_1_算法化建模  ................................... 1
【原文】Chapter_2_The very Beginning
【译文】Chapter_2_入门   ........................................ 5
【原文】2_1_ Method
【译文】2_1_ 方法     ............................................6
【原文】2_2_The very basics of Grasshopper
【译文】2_2_ Grasshopper初步  ....................................7
【原文】2_2_1_Interface, workplace   
【译文】2_2_1_ 工作界面   ........................................7
【原文】2_2_2_Components
【译文】2_2_2_ 计算组件  ...................................... 8
【原文】2_2_3_Data matching
【译文】2_2_3_ 数据比对   .......................................14
【原文】2_2_4_Component’s Help (Context pop‐up menu)  
【译文】2_2_4_ 计算组件帮助 (下拉菜单内容) ...................16
【原文】2_2_5_Type‐In component searching / adding
【译文】2_2_5_ 键入式计算组件搜索 / 添加 ..............17
【原文】2_2_6_Geometry Preview Method
【译文】2_2_6_几何预示方法  ...........................17
【原文】2_3_Other Resources
【译文】2_3_ 其他资源     ...................................18
【原文】Chapter_3_Data sets and Math
【译文】Chapter_3_数组和数学.............................. 19
【原文】3_1_Numerical Data sets
【译文】3_1_ Numerical 数组...................................20
【原文】3_2_On Points and Point Grids
【译文】3_2_ 点和点网      .................................. 22
【原文】3_3_Other Numerical Sets
【译文】3_3_   其他数组   .................................. 23
【原文】3_4_Functions
【译文】3_4_ 函数  .............................................25
【原文】3_5_Boolean Data types
【译文】3_5_ Boolean 数据类型.................................... 28
【原文】3_6_Cull Patterns  
【译文】3_6_ 采集式样 ........................................30
【原文】3_7_2D Geometrical Patterns
【译文】3_7_2D   几何式样................................35

【原文】Chapter_4_Transformation   
【译文】Chapter_4_变形        ..........................46
【原文】4_1_Vectors and planes
【译文】4_1_点和面    .....................................48
【原文】4_2_On curves and linear geometries
【译文】4_2_ On 曲线和线性几何 ..................49
【原文】4_3_Combined Experiment:
【译文】4_3_ 组合实验:
【原文】Swiss Re
【译文】 瑞士再保险 ？                  .....................57
【原文】4_4_On Attractors  
【译文】4_4_ 关于吸引元素 ..................................68
【原文】Chapter_ 5_Parametric Space
【译文】Chapter_5_  参数空间  ...............................80
【原文】5_1_One Dimensional (1D) Parametric Space
【译文】5_1_ 一维空间的 (1 D) 参数空间   ..............81
【原文】5_2_Two Dimensional (2D) Parametric Space
【译文】5_2_ 二维空间的 (2 D) 参数空间   ..............83
【原文】5_3_Transition between spaces
【译文】5_3_  空间转化  ..........................84
【原文】5_4_Basic Parametric Components  
【译文】5_4_ Basic参数化计算组件  ..........................85
【原文】5_4_1_Curve Evaluation  
【译文】5_4_1_ 曲线评估...................................85
【原文】5_4_2_Surface Evaluation   
【译文】5_4_2_ 曲面评估................................86
【原文】5_5_On Object Proliferation in Parametric Space
【译文】5_5_  参数空间内的物体增殖    ...........88
【原文】Chapter_6_ Deformation and Morphing
【译文】Chapter_6_ 变形和Morphing      .................96

【原文】6_1_Deformation and Morphing
【译文】6_1_ 变形和Morphing    ..........................97
【原文】6_2_On Panelization  
【译文】6_2_  控制板  ..................................99
【原文】6_3_Micro Level Manipulations
【译文】6_3_ Micro 水平处理  .........................102
【原文】6_4_On Responsive Modulation
【译文】6_4_   调节反馈  .............................106

【原文】Chapter 7_NURBS Surface and Meshes
【译文】第 7_ 章  NURBS 曲面和网格 .......................112

【原文】7_1_Parametric NURBS Surfaces
【译文】7_1_  参数化 NURBS 曲面    ........................113
【原文】7_2_Mesh vs. NURBS
【译文】7_2_ Mesh 与 NURBS   ..................................124

【原文】7_2_1_Geometry and Topology  
【译文】7_2_1_ 几何和拓扑.............................124
【原文】7_3_On Particle Systems
【译文】7_3_ 粒子系统..................................126
【原文】7_4_On Colour Analysis
【译文】7_4_ 颜色分析...................................135
【原文】7_5_Manipulating Mesh objects as a way of Design
【译文】7_5_      操控网格物体设计方法..........139
【原文】Chapter_8_Fabrication
【译文】Chapter_8_制造   ....................................141
【原文】8_1_Datasheets
【译文】8_1_ 数据手册...........................................143
【原文】8_2_Laser Cutting and Cutting based Fabrication
【译文】8_2_ 激光切割和制造           .......................... 155
【原文】Chapter_9_Design Strategy  
【译文】Chapter_9_设计策划..............................170
【原文】Bibliography
【译文】叁考书目.............................................174

[ 本帖最后由 易人 于 2009-4-8 18:29 编辑 ]

原帖由 wudi1212 于 2009-4-8 18:28 发表
你这样一点一点的看着好累~

就是让大家看到有些水平很差的傻瓜在干傻事，高手就会出来。抛砖引玉呀。。。。
会完成一个非常正规的pdf文件的。但翻译文字要对版才行。

[ 本帖最后由 易人 于 2009-4-8 18:40 编辑 ]

GH_chapter_h08bt.txt

Chapter_8_Fabrication
142        Fabrication

Chapter_8_Fabrication

Today  there  is  a  vast  growing  interest  on  material  practice  and  fabrication  in  combination  with Computer Aided Manufacturing.
Due to the changes have happened in design processes,
it seems a crucial move and one of the ‘Musts’ in the field of design.
Any design decision in digital area,
should be tested in different scales to show the ability of fabrication and assembly.
Since it is obvious that the new design processes and algorithms do not fit into the traditional building processes,
designers now  try  to  use  the  modern technologies  in  fabrication  to  match  their  design  products.
From the moment  that  CNC  machines  started  to  serve  the  building  industry  up  to  now,  
a  great  relation between digital design and physical fabrication have been made and many different technologies and machineries being invented or adjusted to do these types of tasks.

In order to design building elements and fabricate them,
we need to have a brief understanding of the  fabrication  processes  for  different  types  of  materials  and  know  how  to  prepare  our  design outputs for them.
This is the main purpose of the fabrication issues in our design process.
Based on the object we designed and material we used, assembly logic,
transportation, scale, etc.
we need to provide the suitable data from our design and get the desired output of that to feed machineries.

If traditional way in realization of a project made by Plans, Sections, Details, etc.
today, we need more details or data to transfer them to CNC machines,
to use them as source codes and datasheets for industries and so on.

The point here is that the designer should provide some of the required data,
because it is highly interconnected with design object.
Designer sometimes should use the feedback of the fabrication‐ data‐preparation for the design readjustment.
Sometimes the design object should be changed in order to fit the limitations of the machinery or assembly.

Up to this point we already know different potentials of the Grasshopper to alter the design,
and these design variations could be in the favour of fabrication as well as other criteria.
I just want to open the subject and touch some of the points related to the data‐preparation phase,
to have a look at  different  possibilities  that  we  can  extract  data  from  design  project  in  order  to  fabricate  it  or sometime readjust it to fit the fabrication limitations.

143

8_1_Datasheets

In order to make objects, sometimes we simply need a series of measurements, angels, cordinatesand  generally  numerical  data.
There  are multiple  components  in  Grasshopper  to  compute  the measurements, distances, angels, etc.
the important point is the correct and precise selection of the objects that we need to address for any specific purpose.
We should be aware of any geometrical complexity that exits in the design and choose the desired points for measurement purposes.
The next point is to find the positions that give us the proper data for our fabrication purpose and avoid to  generate  lots  of  tables  of  numerical  data  which  could  be  time  consuming  in  big  projects
but useless at the end. Finally we need to export the data from 3D software to the spreadsheets and datasheets for further use.


Paper_strip_project

The idea  of using  paper  strips attracted me for  some investigations,
although  it had  been  tested before (like in Morpho‐Ecologies by Hensel and Menges, 2008).
To understand the simple assemblies
I started with very simple combinations for first level and I tried to add these simple combinations together as the second level of assembly.
It was interesting in the first tries but soon it became out of order and the result object was not what I assumed.
So I tried to be more precise to get the more delicate geometries at the end.

Fig.8.1. Paper strips, first try.


144        Fabrication

In the next step I tried to make a very simple set up and understand the geometrical logic and use itas the base for digital modelling.
I assumed that by jumping into digital modelling I would not be able to make physical model and I was sure that I need to test the early steps with paper.
My aim was to use three paper strips and connect them,
one in the middle and another two in two sides with longer length,
restricted at their ends to the middle strip.
This could be the basic module.

Fig.8.2.  simple  paper  strip  combination  to  understand  the  connections  and  move  towards  digital modelling.

Digital modelling

Here I wanted to model the paper strip digitally after my basic understanding of the physical one.
From the start point I need a very simple curve in the middle as the base of my design and I can divide it and by culling these division points (true, false) and moving (false ones) perpendicular to the middle curve  and using  all  these  points
(true  ones and  moved ones)  as  the  vertices for  two interpolated curves I can model this paper strips almost the same as what I described.

Fig.8.3.a/b.
First modelling method with interpolated curves as side strips.

145       
Fabrication

But it seemed so simple and straightforward. So I wanted to add a gradual size‐differentiation in connection  points  so  it  would  result  in  a  bit  more  complex  geometry.  Now  let’s  jump  into Grasshopper and continue the discussion with modelling there.
I will try to describe the definition briefly and go to the data parts.

Fig.8.4.
The <curve> component is the middle strip which is a simple curve in Rhino.
I reparameterized it and I want to evaluate it in the decreasing intervals. I used a <range> component and I attached it to a <Graph Mapper> component (Params > Special > Graph Mapper). A <Graph mapper> remaps a set of numbers in many different ways and domains by choosing a particular graph type.
As you see, I evaluated the curve with this <Graph mapper> with parabola graph type and the resultant points on the curve are clear.
You can change the type of graph to change the mapping of numeric range (for further information go to the component help menu).

146       
Fabrication

Fig.8.5.  
After  remapping  the  numerical  data  I  evaluated  the  middle  curve  with  two  different <evaluate> components.
First by simply attach it to the data from <graph mapper> as basic points.
Then I need to find the midpoints.
Here I find the parameters of the curve between each basic point and the next one.
I <shift>ed the data to find the next point and I used <dispatch > to exclude the last item of the list (exclude 1) otherwise I would have one extra point in relation to the <shift>ed points.
The <function>  component  simply  find  the  parameter  in  between  ( f(x)=(x+y)/2  )  and  you  see the resultant parameters being evaluated.


Fig.8.6.  
Now  I  want  to  move  the  midpoints  and  make  the  other  vertices  of  the  side  strips. Displacement of these points must be always perpendicular to the middle curve.
So in order to move the points I need vectors, perpendicular to the middle curve at each point.
I already have the Tangent vector at each point,
by <evaluate> component.
But I need the perpendicular vector.
We now that the  Cross  product  of  two  vectors is  always  a  vector  perpendicular  to  both  of  them  (Fig.8.7).  
For example unit Z vector could be the cross product of the unit X and Y vectors.
Our middle curve is a planer curve so we now that the Z vector at each point of the curve would be always perpendicular to the curve plane.
So if I find the cross product of the Tangent of the vector and Z vector at each point,
the result is a vector perpendicular to the middle curve which is always lay down in the curve’s plane.
So I used Tangent of the point from <evaluate> Component and a <unit Z> vector to find the <XProd> of them which I know that is perpendicular to the curve always.
Another trick!
I used the numbers of the  <Graph  Mapper>  as  the  power  of  these  Z  vectors  to  have  the  increasing  factors  for  the movements of points,
in their displacements as well,
so the longer the distance between points,
the bigger their displacements.

147       
Fabrication

Fig.8.7.
Vector cross product.
Vector A and B are in base plane.
Vector C is the cross product of the A and B and it is perpendicular to the base plane so it is also perpendicular to both vectors A and B.

Fig.8.8.
Now I have both basic points and moved points.
I <merge>d them together and I sorted them based on their (Y) values to generate an <interpolate>d curve which is one of my side paper strip.
(If you manipulate your main curve extremely or rotate it,
you should sort your points by the proper factor).

148       
Fabrication

Fig.8.9.
Using  a  <Mirror  Curve>  component  (XForm  >  Morph  >  Mirror Curve)  I  can  mirror  the <interpolate>d curve by middle <curve> so I have both side paper strips.

Fig.8.10.
Now if I connect middle curve and side curves to an <extrude> component I can see my first paper strip combination with decreasing spaces between connection points.

Fig.8.11.  
I  can  simply  start  to  manipulate  the  middle  strip  and  see  how  Grasshopper  updates  the three paper strips which are connecting to each other in six points.